When the British East India Company gained a foothold in Singapore at the beginning of the 19th century, the island's fortifications were an immediate priority, mainly against competing European colonial powers in the region. Once the hinterland of the Malay peninsula fell under British control as well, these fortifications remained an important protection from potential attacks from the sea. In this book, Clements sets out a detailed history of how the fortifications developed and the use to which they were put until the departure of the British. New Hardback in a New Dust Jacket. First Edition. 199 pages with a bibliography, index, a gazetteer of forts and batteries and several illustrations. 

Weight: 0.8 kg Post free within Malaysia