While Chinese secret societies in Malaysia and Singapore may have originally been set up by newcomers as mutual help associations to provide for their own security  after arriving from China in British Malaya, it was not long before groups sprung up with a more criminal purpose. This is probably the first study, based on police records and extensive interviews with society members, both in and out of prison, that seeks to set both the societies' history and modus operandi in a sociological context. ix and 178 pages with tables, maps and diagrams, a bibliography and an index. 

Weight 0.7kg. Post free within Malaysia

Published by Oxford University Press, Kuala Lumpur, 1981.. First edition. ISBN:9780195804713